This practical course aims to offer elite graduates and junior researchers a good occasion for exchanging ideas with a few selected top experts from Germany / China and worldwide in medical and life sciences, and to provide them with an opportunity to understand the fundamental principles of optical imaging techniques and applications in neuroscience field, to get better acquainted with special features and experiment skills in using two-photon microscope, and to learn about how to apply the imaging techniques to investigate the structure and function of brain from synaptic physiology to neuronal network dynamics. In this course, the students selected from both Germany and China will have the chance to not only make discussions with the speakers on neuroscience-related questions, but also develop their thinking and research skills for their future scientific career.