| Meng Wang,Liao,Li,Liang,Ding,J.Li,Zhang,He,Ke Liu,JPan,Zhao,Li,Kuan Zhang,X.Li,Lyu,Z.Zhou,Zsuzsanna Varga,Y.Mi,Y.Zhou,J.Yan,S.Zeng,K.Liu,Arthur Konnerth,Israel Nelken,Hongbo Jia,Xiaowei Chen
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 The sensory responses of cortical neuronal populations following training have been exten-sively studied. However, the spikefiring properties of individual cortical neurons followingtraining remain unknown. Here, we have combined two-photon Ca2+imaging and single-cellelectrophysiology in awake behaving mice following auditory associative training. Wefind asparse set (~5%) of layer 2/3 neurons in the primary auditory cortex, each of which reliablyexhibits high-rate prolonged burstfiring responses to the trained sound. Such bursts arelargely absent in the auditory cortex of untrained mice. Strikingly, in mice trained withdifferent multitone chords, we discover distinct subsets of neurons that exhibit burstingresponses specifically to a chord but neither to any constituent tone nor to the other chord.Thus, our results demonstrate an integrated representation of learned complex sounds in asmall subset of cortical neurons.
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